Semoga Bermanfa'at
4th Semester I left
Name :
Isfiyatul Khoiroh
SRN :
1001240520
Mid-term : TEFL I
1. How does the current status of English
influence your belief about the importance of English and English teaching?
Answer : There are some points of the
importance of English to learnt, English as
a)
an
International Language (EIL)
as International Language, English as a global means of
communication in numerous dialects, and also the movement towards an international
standard for the language. The reason of English as International Language because
it have used in the communications, business, tourism, education, science,
computer technology, media and internet.
b)
a world
language
English as world language, the significant step in the progress of
English towards its status as a world language took place in the last decade of
the 16th century and now many people speak the English language, and
it is the use of Standard language is used widely around the world.
c)
a global
language
English as a global language means a common language in the world. The
future of English as a global language will depend very largely on the
political, economical, demographic and cultural trends in the world.
d)
a medium
of intercultural communication global communication
English as a medium of intercultural communication is a form of
global communication. It is used to describe the wide range of communication
problems that naturally appear within an organization made up of individuals
from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds.
e)
a lingua
franca: a language widely adopted for communication between two speakers whose
native languages are different from each other and where one or both speakers
are using it as a L2.
Lingua franca is a language systematically used to make
communication possible between people not sharing a mother tongue. English as a
lingua franca can be defined an
additionally acquired language system which serves as a common means of
communication for speakers of different first language
English has been argued that
International English is held back by its traditional
spelling
Learning of language actually learn
to communicate, because language is an effective language to say message and to
each other communication. English have recognized as an international language.
It means people from many backgrounds geography, region, and culture have had a
media to agreed to communicate each other. Seeing from some explanation below,
we can make a clear description that English provide a space room for the
widest to us to participate be a part of community of a global people. English
as a global language., we must follow the current its development. So, English
teaching must goon because be a knowledge in the future.
2. Explain crucial aspects that you need to consider when you teach English!
Answer : The origin of the students from
some different backgrounds and knowledge, When we teach English the
understanding of our students, what we will teach and teaching media are some
aspects must get more attention, because to reach our goals when taught English
and these are some explanation about them.
a.
Learner (students)
- age
Relationship between English teaching
and age of the learners are the teacher must notice the materials will taught,
usually children under 5 years still have had understood little of vocabulary
the mother tongue, so the materials that will taught not only development of
English but also their mother tongue too.
- level of education
Alike with the aspect of the age, in
level o education the more important aspect that must notice is give the
materials appropriate with student’s levels.
- socioeconomic levels
Socioeconomic status is typically
broken in to three categories, i.e. high, middle, and low level. The difference
of socioeconomic will affect student pronunciation like we have taught in
Introduction of Linguistic subject.
- their parents
Parents
are not only influence in development of children growth but also in their
education. Many parents can’t teach their children directly with some reason. So
they need to accompany in suitable class to develop their potential.
- intellectual capacities
Intellectual capacities is the need
able to do some mental activities like thinking, imagining, and to solving
problem.
- personalities
Student have different personalities.
they need to adjust their new environment. So, they can fell comfortable when
they learn.
b.
What
should be taught ?
This is one of the reasons why we
need to make lesson plan. In this section the role of the teacher need, because
their creativity will influence student’s understanding. Planning to teach make
student easy to clear the materials.
c.
Teaching
media
It is also determine the purpose of
learning will reach or not. Reaching in the studying process can look from
behavior changing in cognitive, psychomotor, or affective. Teaching media can
rich teaching process in the class. So, student be spirit to learn and easy to
understand the materials.
3. What are the differences between methodology, method, approach,
technique, procedures… give the examples!
Answer : The difference between methodology,
method, approach, technique, procedures.
§
Methodology
: Methodology is pedagogical practices in general. It the study of the
practices and procedures in teaching, the principles and the beliefs that
underlie them.
§ Approach is a term that usually people use to
refer to the theories (theoretical positions and beliefs) about the nature of
language and language learning which are the source of the way things are done
in the classroom and which provide the reasons for doing them. For example
Grammar Translation Method has been used by language teacher for many years,
this method was used for the purpose of helping students read and appreciate
foreign language literature . From this background is approach for grammar
translation method to applies in the classroom as method.
§ Method is the practical realization of an
approach. It includes techniques and procedures. It has specific and general
objectives. There are types of learning
and teaching activities. It describes the roles of teacher, learner and
instructional materials. For example, grammar translation method is method that
more specific in reading students skill. So, in grammar translation method
there are many activities that can do to develop students’ skill in grammar or
many knowledge about reading.
§ Procedure is an ordered sequence of techniques.
For example, a popular dictation procedure starts when students are put in
small groups. Each group then sends one representative to the front of class to
read (and remember) the first line of poem which has been placed on the desk
there. Each student then goes back to their respective group and dictates that
line.
§ Technique is any exercise, activities, and
tasks in the classroom to meet the objectives or goal of learning. For example
give students to do exercise in the
worksheet book by share with other friend to easy them. This activities
is one of technique in teaching.
4. What do you think about the ten methods?
What have you learnt from these methods?
Answer :
a)
Grammar
Translation Method ( GTM )
o
Definition
Grammar translation method is a method has been used for many years. This method called Classical
languages in Latin and Greek, because it is used to translate in classic
language.
o
Purposes
To help students read and appreciate
foreign language literature, to study of the grammar of the target language, so
students would became more familiar with the grammar of their native language
and would help students grow intellectually.
The goal of teacher is to able to
read literature written in the target language.
o
Teachers’
and students’ role
The teacher is the authority in the
classroom
The students do all teacher says , so
they can learn what teacher know.
o
The
techniques
a.
Translation
of a literature passage
b.
Reading
Comprehension Question
c.
Anonym/synonym
d.
Cognates
e.
Deductive
Application of Rules
f.
Fill-in-Blanks
g.
Memorization
h.
Use words
in the sentences
i.
Composition
o
The
advantages
Ø Easy to explain the meaning or words and
phrases from one language into another because teacher can explain use mother
tongue and there are not misunderstanding between teacher and students.
o
The
weakness
In this method communication skills
are neglected, so the students have bad pronunciation.
2. Direct Method
o
Definition
Direct method or Natural approach is
a ways to present foreign language lesson, where the teacher use that language
directly as language of instruction without use mother tongue when taught.
o
The
purposes
Ø To provide learners with a practically useful
knowledge of language and to understanding the target language in evry day
situation.
o
The
techniques
a.
Reading
aloud
b.
Question
and answering question
c.
Getting
students to self-correct
d.
Conversation
practice
e.
Fill-in-blanks
exercise
f.
Dictation
o
The
advantages
Ø Student quick to study English, no gap between
active and passive vocabulary because the students can concentrates on
understanding English, and based on sound principle of education.
o
The
disadvantages
Ø Difficult to practiced in small children
learner, effectiveness of these method verbalizing skills depends on maturation
level of the child on intelligence and refused to speak a single word of
English in lesson.
3. Total Physical Response
o
Definition
It is a language teaching method
built around the coordination of speech and action, this refers to several
different comprehension based language teaching proposals.
o
The
purposes
Ø To reduce the stress people feel when studying
foreign language and thereby encourage students to persist in their study
beyond a beginning level of proficiency.
o
The
teacher and student role
-
Teacher is
a director of all students behavior
-
The
students are imitators of her non verbal model
o
The
techniques
a.
Using
commands to direct behavior
b.
Role
reversal
c.
Action
sequence
o
The
advantages
Ø It fun and easy, dos not requires a great deal
of preparation on the part of the teacher, a good tool for learning vocabulary,
class size does need to be a problem, and no age barrier ( not limited the age)
Ø It is not a very creative method, students are
not given the opportunity to express their own and thoughts in a creative way
and limited since everything cannot be explained with this method.
4.
Audio
Lingual Method
o
Definition
It is a style of teaching used in
teaching foreign language, based on behaviorist theory which professes that certain
traits of living things. In his method the students be taught a language
directly without using the students’ native language to explain new words or
grammar in the target language.
o
The
purposes
Ø The teacher wants their students to able to use
the target language communicatively
o
The
teachers’ and students’ roles
-
The
teacher is like an orchestra leader, directing and controlling the language
behavior of his students and also responsible for providing students with a
good model for imitation
-
The
students are imitators of the teacher’s model or the tapes the teacher supplies
of model speaker and follow the teacher’s directions and respond as accurately
and as rapidly as possible
o
The
techniques
a.
Dialogues
Memorization
b.
Backward
build-up (expansion drill)
c.
Repetition
drill
d.
Chain drill
e.
Single
slot substitution drill
f.
Multiple
slot substitution drill
g.
Transformation
drill
h.
Question
and answer drill
i.
Use of
minimal pairs
j.
Complete
the dialog
o
The
advantages
Ø Aims at developing listening and speaking
skills which is a step away from the grammar translation method and use to
visuals aids has proven its effectiveness in vocabulary teaching
o
The
disadvantages
Ø The pupils like parrots, they can’t never
create anything new or spontaneous, the class is boring and counter productive,
aural and oral skills and didn’t develop reading and writing skills and only
assist in presentation of new materials
5.
Silent Way
o
Definition
It is based on the premise that the
teacher should be silent as much as possible in the classroom and the learner should
be encouraged to produce as much language as possible
o
The
purposes
Ø To give beginning level students oral and aural
facility in basic elements of the target language and set for language learning
is near native fluency in the target language.
o
The teacher’s
and student’s roles
-
Teacher
silence is perhaps the most demanding aspect of the silent way, teacher’s task
are to teach, test, and get out of the way
-
The
students is expected to become independent, autonomous, and responsible in
language
o
The
techniques
a.
Colored
Cuisenaire rods
b.
Pronunciation
charts
c.
Vocabulary
charts
d.
Metal
pointer
o
The
advantages
Ø This methods fosters cooperative learning
between individuals, embodies a new approach to education in general and
succeeded to teach the language by using the rods without repeating too much
o
The
disadvantages
Ø Order to apply the silent way to the teaching
of a total grammar in all its complexity, can be benefited by the teacher only
in small groups of students and the language is separated from its social
context and thought through artificial situations usually by rods
6.
Suggestopedia
o
Definition
It refers to the learning environment
is relaxed and subdued, with low lighting and soft music in the background. In
this method dialogs are presented to the accompaniment of music, students just
relax and listen to them being read and later playfully practice the language
during an activation phase
o
The
purposes
Ø To enhance learning by tapping into the power
of suggestion
o
The
teacher’s and student’s roles
-
The teacher must make class condition and
student feel comfortable and confident
-
The student follow the instruction and
immitaty what teacher says
o
The
techniques
a.
Classroom
set-up
b.
Principal
learning
c.
Positive
suggestion
d.
Choose a
new identity
e.
Role play
f.
First
concert
g.
Second concert
(passive concert)
h.
Primary
activation
i.
Creative
adaptation
o The
advantages
Ø Students can understand and memorize vocabulary
for a long time, can be more effective than other methods, and give relax
situation, so that students can study optimally and lose of thinking
unconfident
o The
disadvantages
Ø The aspect of understanding and attention are
limited and needs a wide class and a lot of money
7.
Community
Language Learning
o
Definition
It is the method
which is used by the teachers to consider their students as whole persons (
mean that teachers consider not only their students intellect but also have
some understanding of the relationship among students feeling, physical
reaction, instinctive protective reaction, and desire to learn.
o
The
purposes
Ø To learn how to use the target language
communicatively, not only focus on the language but also on the being
supportive of learners in their learning process
o
The
teacher’s and student’s roles
-
The
teacher’s initial role is primarily that counselor, mean that the teacher
recognized how threatening a new learning situation
-
The
students are well defined, learners become members of community, fellow
learners and the teacher, and learn through interacting with the community
o
The
techniques
a.
Translation
b.
Group work
c.
Recording
d.
Transcription
e.
Analysis
f.
Reflection and observation
g.
Listening
h.
Free
conservation
o
The
advantages
Ø It can communicate easier with people who don’t
know their mother tongue, will able to communicate with a larger variety of
people
o
The
disadvantages
Ø The weakness is a potentially useful method for
the foreign language classroom as long as
teachers are willing to adapt it to their own curricural constraints
8.
Communicative
Language Teaching
o
Definition
It is an
approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages that emphasizes
interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.
o
The
purposes
Ø To
direct students when used language and to trains students to create language
suitable with structure that they have learnt
o
The teacher’s
and student’s roles
- To
facilities the communication process in the classroom and to act as an
independent participant within the learning teaching group
- Breen
and Candlin describe the learners’s role within CLT in following terms: As
negotiator
o
The
techniques
a.
Role play
b.
Interview
c.
Information gap
d.
Games
e.
Language exchange
f.
Survey
g.
Pairs work
h.
Learning by teaching
o
The
advantages
Ø To be more confident when interacting with
other people an they also enjoy talking more and to gains in the areas o
grammatical /sociolinguistic/ discourse/ strategic competence through
communication
o The disadvantages
Ø Difficult for the teacher alone to check the
language use of every student, especially in a big class
9.
Task Based
Approach
o Definition
It is an approach
seeking to provide learners with a natural context for language use
o The purposes
Ø To be determined by the specific needs of
particular needs of learners
o The teacher’s and student’s roles
- The teacher as selector and sequence of tasks,
preparing learners for tasks, and consciousness
- The students roles are group participant,
monitor, risk-taker innovator
o The techniques
a.
Jigsaw
task
b.
Information-gap
task
c.
Problem-solving
task
d.
Decision-making
task
e.
Opinion
exchange task
o The advantages
Ø It is suitable for learners of all ages and
backgrounds. During the task the learners are allowed to use whatever language o
they want, freeing them to focus entirely on the meaning of their message
o The disadvantages
Ø It requires a high level of creativity and
initiative on the part of the teacher, It is not what many students expect and
want from a language class
10.
Cooperative
Learning
o Definition
It is an approach
to teaching that makes maximum use of cooperative activities involving pairs
and small groups of learners in the classroom. This method is a group learning
activity organized so that learning is dependent on the socially structured
exchange of information between learners in groups and which each learner is
held accountable
o The purposes
Ø To foster cooperation than competition, to
develop critical thinking skill, and to develop communicative competence
through socially structured interaction activities, these can be regarded as
the overall objectives of CL
o The teacher’s and student’s roles
- The
teacher has to create a highly structured and well- organized learning
environment in the classroom, setting goals, planning and structuring task,
establishing the physical arrangement of the classroom
- The
student have to learn teamwork skills. Learners are also directors of their own
learning
o The techniques
a.
Jigsaw
b.
Think-pair-share
c.
Three step
interview
d.
Round
robin brainstorming
e.
Three
minute review
f.
Numbered
heads
g.
Tea pair
solo
h.
Circle the
saga
i.
Partners
o The advantages
Ø Students develop higher thinking skills, retain
the information much longer when participating in cooperative learning, develop
responsibilities, and develop self- confidence and self esteem
o The disadvantages
Ø Students going at different speed, leadership
dynamic, and differences in pulling weight
5. From 10 methods, what specific techniques
from each methods are you going to use ?In what way do you
apply these?
Answer:
1.
Grammar
Translation Method
Ø Deductive application o rule
This technique is present to understand
the grammar use example. first I order the student to make a group subject,
verb and object. Then, each from them must have one word, for e. g in group
subject there are be I, She, Tono Or Tini, and same with each group. And they
must look for their couple to make a sentence.
2.
Direct
Method
Ø Getting students to self-correct
This technique is has students
self-correct to add the knowledge of students. first I ask them to make a
question that they know the answer too, then from that task each student turn
to friend beside them.
3.
Total
Physical Response
Ø Action sequence
In this technique teacher give
command to clear what teacher mean. I ask student to bring some example from
kitchen utensils (spoon, plate, etc), then in the class ask them to make a
short drama about their tool that they have brought.
4.
Audio
Lingual Method
Ø Chain drill
In this method students ask and
answer each other. I ask them to make a question based on topic in piece of
letter, then they submit the letter and the letter divide again to different
question’s student.
5.
Silent Way
Ø Colored Cuisenaire rods
In this technique teacher just give
clues to explain what teacher wants, use rod with any color to study about
color, number, etc. First I ask students to prepare a rod that have colored
before, and write on the rod what their favorite food. then I ask them to each
other guess what are they favorite food with give description from the food.
6.
Suggestopedia
Ø Creative adaptation
This technique engage all of the
students. First I ask them to make a situation like in the large family, so
each student have different figure, so they can be a family to know each other.
7.
Community
Language Learning
Ø Recording
I ask student to make a audio diary
or funny story and submit every week in recorder.
8.
Communicative
Language Teaching
Ø Learning by teaching
Like micro teaching, I divide one
topic from one student and ask them to understand the topic and they must
explain what they have known about the topic to learn to friend in the class.
9.
Task Based
Approach
Ø Opinion making task
I ask student to give and participate
in class discussion. I going to give one topic and the student must comment one
by one.
10.
Cooperative
Learning
Ø Numbered head together
I want make a game. A team consist
from 4 students and every student in the group have the sequence numbered (
1,2,3,4). Then I ask every group to choice one envelope that I have prepared,
the instruction is I want one member of group to be volunteer to practice what
words that I wrote in the envelope and the other members must answer what
her/his friend practice. (like ‘tebak kata’ quiz.
Name : Isfiyatul Khoiroh
SRN : 1001240520
Assignment : Lesson Plan
Subject : TEFL 1
Lesson
Plan
1. Topic : Post Office
2. Skill : Listening and
speaking
- Objectives : By the end of this lesson students will be able to;
o Respond the meaning in the
dialogue
o Find difficult words and look for
their meaning
4. Student’s level : Grade IX Junior
High School
5. Time : 1 x 40 minutes
6. Materials : English in Focus for Grade IX Junior High School and
www.traibuddy.com
7. Procedures
Procedure
|
Resource
|
Time
|
Introduction
Checking absent
Presentation
Explain the roles
how to answer the question from the audio and then ask them
1.
How
often do you send letters?
2.
Do
you prefer to send news by letter , SMS, or e-mail? Give your reason!
3.
To
whom do you usually send a letter?
4.
For
what purposes will you send a letter?
Demonstrate/ Practice
Activity
1
Teacher write down the text in the white board. Listen the
student of the audio ( Technique Listening from
Community language learning method ) and ask them to listen carefully to
complete the dialogue by fill in the blank spaces ( Technique fill in the
blank from GTM ) and guess what kind of text and look for the meaning of the difficult
words.
Activity 2
Teacher
ask student in a pairs, (Technique Team pair from Cooperative Learning),
give the students a complete dialogue and ask them to read in front of the
class (Technique Reading aloud from Direct Method)
Activity 3
Tell
the students they will have project task to do for the next meeting. They
will work in small groups (4 students), try to make a short dialogue that
involves all of the members with the topic is up.
Review
Sum
up and review the lesson to reinforce what the students have learnt by asking
them to mention things in the post office.
Follow-up
Find from any literature another report text. Then
identify its character such as present tense. Compare your work with your
friends’. Who has the most
interesting topic?
(Technique analysis
from CLL)
|
exercises from students’ worksheet
The audio & exercises from students’ worksheet
www.traibuddy.com
|
2 minutes
10 minutes
15 minutes
5 minutes
3 minutes
2 minutes
3 minutes
|
Comments :
1.
In
activity 1, I use two techniques, they are ( Technique Listening from Community
language learning ) and ( Technique fill in the blank from GTM ), because
in this activity the students listen the dialogue from audio to practice
listening competence students to know their ability in listening section and
teacher ask students to complete the dialogue use the words in the box to help
them as a practice their mastery of vocabulary.
2.
In
activity 2, I apply (Technique Team pairs from Cooperative Learning) and
(Technique Reading aloud from Direct Method), because I hope they can adjust
each other and motify students who have low ability in their speaking and in
other time they can do alone which a first they could not do only with help
from other person.
3.
In
activity 3 I just tell or present instruction about student task next meeting.
So, I think that does not need using a technique.
4.
In
follow-up I use analysis technique from community language learning method to
practice student analyze parts of report text.
Activity
1
- Listen the audio, fill in the blank spaces, the words in the box may help you.
Ulum : What kind
of job does your father do?
Nafi’ :
My father is a ………… . He is employed by the post office to ……… and collect
those posted in pillar boxes.
Ulum :
My father is a civil servant. He works for the ministry of Education. In fact,
I want to know about some ………. . Would you tell me more about it?
Nafi’ : Yeah, sure.
What do you want to know?
Ulum : I want to know
what is meant by PO BOX?
Nafi’ :
PO BOX stands for Post Office Box. Its …….. located inside the post office.
They are used by people who find them more convenient or more private than the
regular service.
Ulum : And ……. ?
Nafi’ :
It offers ………. For valuable mail for an additional fee. The post office insures
such mail and keeps a careful record of it. The addressee must sign a receipt
for it.
Ulum : All right,
Nafi’. Thank you very much for the information.
Locked
mailboxes
Postal matters
Registered
mail
Extra
safety box
Deliver
letters
Postman
|
- Can you guess what the mean of words in the box ?
Match the words in the
box with the correct text below.
a.
Postman b. Stamp
c. Mailbox d. Envelope e. Postcode
|
- Small piece of printed paper stuck on envelopes, parcels, etc to show that postage has been paid.
- Group of letters and numbers used as part of an address, to make delivery easier.
- Person whose job is to collect and deliver letter, etc.
- Area of a computer’s ,message where electronic mail messages are stored.
- Paper covering for a letter.
Activity
2
Now,
with your partner, act out the complete dialogues in front of the class!
Dialogue
Aluh :
Good morning. I would like to send this letter to Japan by airmail, how much is
the change?
Anang : It’s 1,2 dollars, do you need extra stamps?
Aluh :
I do, I’ve been also expecting a package from New York. Here is my
identify card the receipt.
Anang
: Would you mind signing this
from? Here is the package.
Aluh : Finally I would like to send this
registered letter to London
Anang : Please fill in the complete address in
capital letters.
Comments
Post a Comment
Terimakasih sudah berkunjung dan meninggalkan pesan